Counselling and Psychotherapy Essay

This therapy proposed by Carl Rogers, as for objective, to provide the leaf node with the necessary help, allowing the single to find a certain internal strong being.Through this well being, the client is able to explore their inner feelings and work with these feelings to find their proclaim solution to troubles from which they ar suffering (Hayes and Orrell.1998), therefore this one to one therapy is largely based on the supposition that the client is capable of helping himself with the withstand of the facilitator (the term healer is not engaged), were each of the two protagonists be on an equal level, it is the client that sets the pace of sessions and not the facilitator, which is some what antithetic to the therapy proposed in spite of appearance the psychoanalytic perspective, were it is the therapist who holds the reins during the length of the session.Unlike the client-centred therapy, there is no self-disclosure from the representative of the psychoanalytic the rapist during the sessions or at some(prenominal) other moment. During the psychoanalysis, the therapist creates what could be called a professional distance with the patient this could take different forms, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as asking the patient to relax on a sofa while the therapist is sitting in a chairperson out of his view or conducting the session whilst sitting behind a desk (Malim and Birch. 1998).Freud believed that the role of the unconscious mind was to protect an individual from their underlying desires and fears the usage of the therapist during the therapy is to fetch these feelings and direct them into the consciousness, thus giving the patient an perspicacity and minimum of understanding. This is done independently of the patient wishes, during the sessions patients are often confronted with subconscious and painful memories (Dryden. 1999). Within these two perspectives, Freud and Rogers both acknowledge the physical exertion of defence mechanism Me chanisms.The conflict which occurs between a persons wishes and external world is dealt with by the use of defence mechanisms (Hough, 1998). In the psychoanalytic these defence mechanisms are the representation of the crisis that is going on between both the ego and the id or between the ego and the superego. The ego chooses to use these defence mechanisms when the situation becomes overly hard to handle. Though these defence mechanisms are considered a natural thing, they should be closely monitored sooner often their use could lead to neuroses, which could range from anxiousness to obsessions.Just some examples of defence mechanisms which are encountered by individuals are Repression this produces when an force is too painful to meet head on, that an individual pushes it out of his conscious, pretext that it has never happened, were as Regression this occurs when an adult in particular starts to use childish behaviour, such as screaming loudly, stamping their feet about as a means of getting what he or she wishes these are some examples quite extrovert, unless regression post take a more retract form such as sulking or perhaps thumb sucking, this can happen when an individual is faced with the idea of passing a analyse or an exam.Rogers shared the idea of defence mechanisms, he argued that when a client suffering from incongruity, meaning that the client is not happy with the image that he portrays, this self image is not what the client wants to be, but he inspires towards, this is cognise as the ideal self. When this passage becomes too difficult, the client makes use of two forms of defence mechanism, which are Denial which is the total negation to accept any form of incongruity and acting as if the dilemma basically does not exist in his eyes. The second of the two defence mechanisms is Distortion, were the client provide purely distort the truth to his or her advantage and therefore the threat is no longer seen as one. All though these defen ce mechanisms are employed currently on a day to day basis, their profligate use may lead to more consequent psychiatric problems, so therefore a close observation is needed (Hayes and Orrell. 1998).It can be said, despite the fact that these two perspectives diverge mainly in their approach, they do share a same central core, being the understanding and give-and-take of psychological health and behavioural dilemmas, each looks at what is the humane mind, but just from a different angle.Each of these perspectives in their own elbow room is trying to help, treat and eventually propose a solution or remedy to an individuals crisis, therefore it would be extremely difficult to discuss which of these two perspectives is the more reliable when it comes to looking into human behaviour. The superior would depend on so many internal and external factors, such as the personality of the individual, the illness from which they are suffering or their mental force, as no two individuals ar e the same, their need for therapy would be different. psychology is a young discipline relative to the other sciences. As such it has no global paradigm, or single accepted theory, about the genius of human beings in the way that biology has been influenced by Darwins theory. Until this is affirmable in psychology, the scope and variety of the many different approaches allow us to adopt different levels of explanation in order to explain human functioning (Malim and Birch. 1998).BibliographyCardwell, M. , Clark, L. and Meldrum, C. (2000) Psychology for A Level 2nd Edition. London HarperCollins. Dryden, W and Mytton, J. (1999) Four approaches to counselling and Psychotherapy. London Routledge.