What specific contributions did Montesquieu, Voltaire and Diderot make to the age of Enlightenment? Contrast their political ideas with that of Thomas Hobbes

In Montesquieu?s first work, the Persian Letters, he criticized French institutions, specially the Catholic Church and the French monarchy. In this work he wrote almost the attack on traditional religion, the advocacy of religious toleration, the denunciation of slavery and the use of reason to liberate populace from their own prejudices.

In his most famous work, The Spirit of the Laws, he compared the types of govern custodyt. Republics, which are suited for small states and based on citizen involvement. Monarchy, suitable for middle sized states, grounded in the ruling class? regard to law. Finally Despotism, for large empires, dependent on fear to influence obedience. The Spirit of the Laws, once translated into English, was read by American philosophers and its principles were incorporated into the U.S. Constitution.

Voltaire was known as the greatest figure in the reason era. Although he studied law, his passion was writing. He was a booming playwright who penned 2 tragedies, Edipe and Henriade. In his Philosophic Letters, he wrote about English life. Especially it?s independence of the press, political freedom and religious toleration. He criticized France?s royal absolutism, lack of religious toleration and freedom of thought.

Voltaire penned his Treatise on Toleration. In this, he states that religious toleration caused no problems for England and Holland.



He also states that ?all men are brothers under God.? He believed that God created the world however allowed it ot run according to it?s own natural laws.

Diderot was a bold thinker in the Enlightenment. He condemned Christianity. He mat it was fanatical and unreasonable. Out of all religions, he said Christianity was the worst. He thought I was absurd and atrocious in its dogma. His piece to the Enlightenment was a 28 volume Encyclopedia. He called this the perform work of his life. Its purpose was to...

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