Notes On THe Roman Republic: City-State to World Empire

Chapter 6

Romes great political achievement was to transcend the narrow political orientation of the city- ground & vitamin A; to create a world state that unified the different nations of the Mediterranean world. Rome overcame the limitations of the city-state mentality & developed an empirewide system of law & citizenship. Their genius ensnare expression in law and government, the practical, not the theoretical.

Historians divide papistic history into 2 broad periods: the Republic began in 509 B.C., w/ the overthrow of the Etruscan monarchy; the Empire began in 27 B.C., when Octavian (Augustus) became the 1st papist emperor, ending 500 years of republican self-government. The Republic initiated the trend toward political & legal universalism, which reached fruition in the second period, the Empire.

EVOLUTION OF THE ROMAN CONSTITUTION:

* The Romans, like the Greeks, came to view law as an expression of the public will and not as the establishment of god-kings, priest-kings, or a priestly caste.

* Between the patricians and the commoners, or plebeians.

* Patricians have most of the land and controlled the army.

* The Senate was the principal organ of patrician power.

* The tensity between patricians and commoners stemmed from plebeian grievances, which included enslavement for debt, contrariety in the courts, prevention of intermarriage with patricians, lack of political representation, and the absence seizure of a written code of laws.

* In about 450 B.C., the origin Roman code of laws was written. Called the Twelve Tables, the code gave plebeians some stage of protection against unfair and oppressive patrician officials, who could interpret accustomed law in arbitrary way.

* The Senate

* Tribal Assembly

* During their 200-year class struggle, the Romans tough a constitutional system based on polite needs rather than on religious mystery. The essential avocation of government ceased to be the regular performance...

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