Religions Must Update Themselves Essay

Many people in the Modern world believe that religious books and laws must be changed to fit the lives of those that live in the 21st century; in this essay I shall argue both sides and come to a final decision on whether or not they should update themselves. One of the many religions that is constantly thought of as out of date or no longer relevant to society is Christianity. This is as the Christian religious book (the Bible) is full of laws (especially the Old Testament) that no longer work well for certain situations or make sense to the logical mind. An example of this is Exodus 21:2 NCV, which says â€Å"If you buy a Hebrew slave, he will serve you six years. In the seventh year you are to set him free, and he will have to pay nothing. † Number one slavery is not only looked down upon by the general public but is also illegal so laws on how to own and release a slave is not only useless to people of this day and age but it could also be seen as hypocritical for a God whom Christians claim to be so loving and kind to condone something as wrong as the owning of a slave. Another verse that appears illogical to non-Christians is 1 Corinthians 14:34 NIV in which Paul writes to the following in Corinth saying â€Å"Women should keep quiet in the Church meetings. They are not allowed to speak, but they must yield to this rule as the law says. † This is straight out sexism; Sexism by dictionary definition is discrimination based on a person’s sex discrimination includes being excluded from or forced to perform a certain action because of sex etc. This is what is happening here, women are not being allowed to talk in church because they are women; yet there are women pastors and evangelists and I have definitely heard several women talking during my visits to church. This raises the question of how ordinary people are to take this rule seriously and think it relevant when Christians themselves ignore it. Most people see these verses and immediately conclude that the Bible is not only out of date but also out of touch with current laws and regulations. It is easy to ake a verse out of the Bible without linking it to the rest of the chapter or considering the history which lead to it. Here are some examples of verses that show the Bible is as modern as can be. A verse that makes more sense to non-Christians and helps to prove the point that the Bible is not out of date is Exodus 21:12 NCV â€Å"Anyone who hits a person and kills him must be put to death. † This makes perfect sense. The verse mirrors not only the judicial system; that every wrong or illegal action has to be paid for but also mirrors simple logic that bad people have to pay for the bad things they do. It is the most basic and un-updateable human impulse for right and wrong to be paid equally. Another verse that helps argue the idea that the Bible is not out of date is Leviticus NCV 19:9-10 â€Å"When you harvest your crops on your land, do not harvest all the way to the corners of your fields. If grain falls onto the ground, don’t gather it up. † What would happen in Israelite times was that any grain dropped during the harvest would be picked up by the homeless. This was a form of charity towards those who were less privileged. Being charitable is something that has only become popular in the last few years yet here are the Israelites doing it so regularly it has become normal. I believe that the Bible is in fact modern and its laws are still relevant today but you have to be able to change it to fit modern language. For example one of the Ten Commandments is â€Å"Thou shalt not bear false witness against your neighbour. † This literally means you shouldn’t lie. I believe that that is the way you have to approach all the laws in the Bible not changing the meaning but changing the words to something that’s understandable.

Headache

{draw:frame} Severe Headaches Associated With Higher Temperatures, Lower Barometric Pressures Although large numbers of headache sufferers, particularly individuals who struggle with migraines, attribute their pain to the weather, there has been little scientific evidence to back up their assertions. Now, a study of more than 7,000 patients, led by researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), provides some of the first large-scale data on how environmental conditions — weather, as well as air pollution — influence headache pain. Reported in the March 10 issue of the journal Neurology, the findings demonstrate that higher temperatures, and to a lesser degree, lower barometric pressure, contribute to severe headaches. â€Å"Migraine headaches affect a large proportion of the population,† notes Kenneth Mukamal, MD, MPH, the study’s first author and a physician in the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care at BIDMC. â€Å"Approximately 18 percent of women and 6 percent of men in the U. S. report having migraine headaches, particularly young and middle-aged adults. Knowing that migraines can be set off by â€Å"triggers,† including certain foods, alcohol, stress and hormones, Mukamal and his coauthors decided to study whether environmental factors were also acting as headache triggers.. â€Å"Air temperature, humidity and barometric pressure are among the most frequent reasons that people give for their headache pain,† explains Mukamal, who is also an Associate Professor of Med icine at Harvard Medical School. â€Å"But none of these reasons have been consistently verified. We wanted to find out if we could verify this ‘clinical folklore. We also wanted to determine whether air pollutants trigger headaches, much as they have been found to trigger strokes. † â€Å"In other words,† says Mukamal, â€Å"our study design was able to directly compare weather and air pollution conditions right before an emergency visit with those same factors measured earlier and later the same month. † â€Å"Certainly our results are consistent with the idea that severe headaches can be triggered by external factors,† says Mukamal. â€Å"These findings help tell us that the environment around us does affect our health and, in terms of headaches, may be impacting many, many people on a daily basis. Mukamal recommends that headache patients sit down with their doctors to identify the triggers that lead to their headache symptoms, adding that even though the weather can’t be altered, doctors might be able to prescribe medication that can be administered prophylactically to help avert the onset of weather-related headaches. Furthermore, he adds, â€Å"On a population basis, we need to be concerned about incremental temperature rises anyhow, and should advocate for responsible environmental management. The annual cost attributed to migraines is estimated at $17 billion, millions of people are adversely affected and the public health implications may be enormous. † This research was supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Study coauthors include BIDMC investigators Gregory A. Wellenius, ScD, and Murray A. Mittleman, MD, DrPH; and Helen H. Suh, ScD, of the Harvard School of Public Health.

Communicate with Stakeholders Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Communicate with Stakeholders - Assignment Example "Workers today will need technological, educational and critical skills for efficient teamwork, effective communication and strategies so to develop a healthy working environment† (Schmidt et al., 1995). One can only have good job when he or she has sufficient knowledge of work, but unfortunately here is the United States more than half of the students leave their high school lacking the basic knowledge essential for jobs (Secretarys Commission, 1991). The real dilemma lies in the fact that neither academic nor vocational education train students with necessary skills that are needed for their post-secondary education or their high income employment (National Information Center, 1996b).  This highlights the need of student centered learning that is based on the willingness of the student to learn amalgamated with the modern technology. As we know that Student centered learning is a set of methodologies of teaching that primarily concentrates on the interest of the students, instead of those who are involved in the teaching processes like administrators and teachers. This technique has numerous ramifications for not only re-shaping the syllabus, but also to the content and the intuitiveness of courses. This system is paying attention on the interests, abilities, and learning styles of students and portraying the role of teachers as a facilitator of learning and is in contrast with the traditional educational system where learning is imparted forcefully irrespective of the student’s engrossment. We all are also well aware of the fact that student centered learning facilitates collaboration and customization in which educators work with their students and students also learn to manage team work. It opens the windows to critical thinking in which students learn the way of finding effective content and to distinguish between reliable and non-reliable sources. Student centered learning basically imparts

American Dream for Slaves, Indians, and Puritans Essay

American Dream for Slaves, Indians, and Puritans - Essay Example Over time, they establish their communities, and become a part of the cosmopolitan society of America. These people had dreams that pushed them to leave their original homes, and settle in America. In trying to analyze the truth in George Carlin’s comment, it is imperative to consider facts from such groups. In the colonial era, slaves, Indians, and puritans all had dreams; and this paper intends to examine the interpretation of these groups of the American dream. This paper will also consider the obstacles they encountered in their mission, and whether or not they pursued their course. Colonial Era In looking at American history, slaves were of African origin. They Africans could only be referred to as slaves, after they had been bough officially by a planter or an owner of a plantation. The first slaves arrived in America in the early 1500s1. Slavery was oppressive, and colonies with produce specialization relied heavily on slaves. The slaves had no rights, were not allowed to accrue wages, and they were given only what was enough for their survival. Slaves came mainly from West, and Central Africa. By 1700, the number of slaves in America was about 20, 000. The slaves were forcibly brought to America. Between 1700 and 1750, an additional 250, 000 people had been involuntarily brought to British to serve as slaves. At the time that Europeans arrived in America, there were between 10 and 90 million American Indians. This native population appreciated the resources that nature placed at their disposal. The respected it, and used it accordingly. When Europeans landed in America, the American Indians were accommodative of their visitors since they were fascinated by the tools they brought with them. As the number of Europeans grew, they wanted to conquer the land, and make it theirs. Though they tried to coexist with the Europeans, the American Indians were quickly overtaken by events. The Europeans took over the land, pushed them to the side, imposed thei r ideals on them, and became their rulers. The European governments laid claim on the land, and divided it amongst themselves2. The American Indians were even enslaved by the Europeans. The period between 1500 and 1776 is characterized, in American History, by the colonization of America by Europeans. Puritans were immigrants from England to America. The Puritans were established in America by 400 settlers. These settlers in 1629 began the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Their numbers grew in leaps and bounds, and by 1640, their population had reached 1640. They extended their region of coverage to Connecticut, Saybrook, and New Haven3. American dream As time went by, the African population grew to outnumber that of the whites. The African slaves bore children who were born into slavery. These children knew no other home other that the fields in which they worked. To them, slavery was their destined way of life, and some of them did nothing to go against this. But as time passed, some sla ves were able to earn enough to buy their freedom4. They turned around to become advocates against slavery. They convinced their fellow Africans who were still bound in slavery that there was a better way of life. Though brought in captivity, the slaves dreamt of freedom in America. The American Indians, being a people who had respect for nature, found themselves in the midst of

CRIMINOLOGY REVIEW OF D. KENNEDY, 2012 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CRIMINOLOGY REVIEW OF D. KENNEDY, 2012 - Essay Example Open air drug markets even exist in these areas and the author is suggesting that a holistic approach such as engaging the gangs involved in drugs market can provide a long lasting solution than arresting them. To that effect, the author has proposed the â€Å"ceasefire program† and to date, it has proved to be effective in combating the drug related crimes in different communities across different cities in the US. The author argues that drug related violence is widespread in historically distressed, minority neighborhoods that are home to African-Americans. Kennedy cites the following statistics: â€Å"Between 2000 and 2007, the gun homicide rate for black men between the ages of 14-17 increased by 40 percent and the rate for men over the age of 25 increased by 27 percent. In some neighborhoods, 1 in 200 black men are murdered every year.† The other problem with the aspect of drug dealing is that the drug dealers operate in groups and gangs and they live within the societies comprising of other law abiding citizens. The author argues that taking a vigilant approach against the drug dealers does not provide a solution to the problem but can only increase it. Violence is likely to erupt following the implementation of such approach. An intervention strategy that involves all the stakeholders including attorneys, law enforcement agents, drug dealers as well as other ordinary members of th e community can be very effective in as far as mitigation of drug related violence and crime are concerned. Therefore, the author has observed that the ceasefire program can provide a long lasting solution to this problem. The research methods used include participation and observation. The ceasefire program as noted above was piloted in Boston and later spread to other cities. The author actively participated in this program since he is the one who pioneered

Plato Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plato - Essay Example After they are through with their elementary education, they join middle school where teenagers experience pressure that forces them to engage in drugs, alcohol and sex. After children graduate from middle school, they join high school and start taking many responsibilities, which is stressful. After they are through with high school, they tend to think that they will be free (Plato 12). Moreover, modern American community is a resemblance of Plato’s cave based on its varying isolation, jobs, culture, crimes and people’s action. An example of this community is the Ridgecrest town dominated the with white race society. The people blame ethnic minorities for committing crimes make it hard for them to get jobs. The town has strict laws that are similar to the laws that existed in the cave. Therefore, any person disobeying the laws either ends up in jail or faces death. This is similar to the cave where people were put to chains and could not turn their heads. Contemporary homes are similar to Plato’s cave because people have rules restricting them on time to be at home and conduct their chores. Therefore, the home chores are similar to being chained up in the cave because they restrict an individual. Plato draws attention on imprisonment and being put on chains in Allegory of the Den. The feeling of imprisonment exists in schools, communities and homes in the current society. These areas relate to Plato’s cave because people lack

Titus andronicus by william shakespeare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Titus andronicus by william shakespeare - Essay Example In the first passage chosen for this paper, Titus Andronicus tells Saturninus that he in fact killed his two sons, and then proceeded to mix their flesh with pie, which their mother then unwittingly ate: â€Å"Why, there they are both, baked in that pie;/ Whereof their mother daintily hath fed,/ Eating the flesh that she herself hath bred. Tis true, tis true; witness my knifes sharp point. (Shakespeare). In this passage two things are worth noting. One is that Titus seemed to be proud of the fact that he had killed two people, and both of them the sons of the person he is addressing. If this were an act of revenge, or an act where a noble man kills men who were evil and had done some terrible wrong to others, then this boasting would have remained within the confines of sane narration. What makes this killing so monstrous is that Titus was not content with killing the two sons, but we read between the lines that he had prepared their flesh and mixed them with pie, precisely so he co uld feed the flesh of her dead sons to their mother. There is no sense to this, and no justification, other than to show that Titus lacked remorse. It was unnecessary to do things this way. The purpose of the monstrous in this case seems to be just to demonstrate how inhuman the whole cascade of events was. The killing and the subsequent baking and feeding of the pie to the mother was gratuitous, totally uncalled for by the turn of events. This aspect of the killing is what makes the act so monstrous and totally inhuman (Shakespeare). Elsewhere we see just how Titus killed the two sons. He did so with the help of Lavinia, who held the basin that caught the blood from the slit throats of the two brothers. We understand that Lavinia suffered much from the two, but the measure of her revenge seemed to go beyond the bounds of what is human too. She could have just had them killed, but she chose to see the killing, and she chose to do so

Reading response papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Reading response papers - Essay Example In the same manner, the individuality of phenomena is not commensurate with the pecuniary  Ã‚  principle. Money is concerned only with what is common to all: it asks for the exchange value,  it reduces all quality and individuality to the question: How much? All intimate emotional relations between persons are founded in their individuality, whereas in rational relations man is reckoned with like a number,like an element which is in itself indifferent. Only the objective measurable achievement is of interest. Thus metropolitan man reckons with his merchants and customers, his domestic servants and often even with persons with whom he is obliged to have social intercourse. These features of intellectuality contrast with the nature of the  small circle  in which the inevitable knowledge of individuality as inevitably produces a warmer tone of behavior, a behavior which is beyond a mere objective balancing of service and return. In the sphere of the economic psychology of the sm all group it is of importance that under primitive conditions production serves the customer who orders the good, so that the producer and the consumer are acquainted. The modern metropolis, however, is supplied almost entirely by production for the market, that is, for entirely unknown purchasers who never personally enter the producers actual field of vision. Through this anonymity the interests of each party acquire an unmerciful matter-of-factness; and the intellectually calculating economic egoisms of both parties need not fear any deflection because of the imponderables of personal relationships. The money economy  Ã‚  dominates the metropolis; it has displaced the last survivals of domestic production and the direct barter of goods; it minimizes, from day to day, the amount of work ordered by customers. The matter-of-fact attitude is obviously so intimately interrelated with the money

Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 32

Article Review - Essay Example The fourth layer contains tailor-structured applications. In the past, the business management process structures focused on data but currently there is a shifting trend from the data system to processes. The focus was only on the data specific methods, which has transformed into the creation of the business processes, which was dismissed in the past. The shift has moved further to enhance the redesigning of the process to advanced levels. Separating the business process management into different components is because of the current developments in the area of web services. Workflow terminologies are helpful in explaining the business process management. The application of business process passes information, tasks, and documents from one party to the next according to the required and set procedures. A Workflow Management System refers to a system that generates and manages the accomplishment of workforce with the use of software operating on several workflow engines that are able link workflow engines, its requirements and the use of IT tools and their applications. The business process management has several phases, which it uses to support its operational business processes. The first stage is the design stage where redesigning of the processes occur. The next phase is the configuration stage where there is implementation of the designs by a process specific information system. After this stage there is the enactment phase where there is caring out of operational processes using the specific system. The diagnosis phase is the last stage where there is analysis of the operating processes to identify problems and to come up with solutions. The operational process of the business process management is divided into two trends in the modern times, Case Handling and Straight through processing. The Straight through processing is the automation of the business process though dealing with situations without

The Classical Symphony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Classical Symphony - Essay Example Symphony has evolved since the middle of the eighteenth century, as stated by Dorak. His study stated that the Bohemian Stamitz first established a new form in the orchestra. In my research, another study made by Think Quest indicated that the history of the symphony was traced to the Baroque period. It was during this time there were musical performances in concert halls. Accordingly, these musical performances gradually evolved into the development of the â€Å"sonata† where composers realized that eventually lead to the beginning of the symphony. The classical orchestra is composed of four sections: the string section, the woodwind section, the brass section and the percussion section. In a study of the Sections of the Orchestra, it was detailed that the string sections are divided into four parts. These parts are the: first violins, second violins, violas, and cellos and double basses. The woodwind section is composed of two oboes, two flutes, two bassoons, and two clarine ts. The brass section, on the other hand, consists of two trumpets, four horns, three trombones, and a tuba. Finally, the percussion section is composed of pair of timpani (kettledrums), a side drum (snare drum), a bass drum, cymbals, and a triangle. These are the basic groups of instruments used in an orchestra. It is interesting to note that as revealed in the same study on the Sections of the Orchestra, most orchestras today have a piano and a harp to complement the other instruments, as needed.

The Organization System Essay Example for Free

The Organization System Essay The   Organization   System   consists   of   the   people   who   worked   for   achieving   their   goals   as   a   team. In   an   organization,   there   is   a   hierarchy   consisting   of   a   leader   at   the   top   to   the   people   at   the   bottom   working   under   him. This   hierarchy   is   subdivided   in   lower   hierarchical   order   also. Thus   in   the   organization   different   set   of   people   comprise   themselves   to   form   an   organization. The   leader   keeps   his   sharp   look   at   the   team   to   watch   whether   the   organization   is   functioning   effectively   or   not. The   role   of   the   leader   is   very   important   in   organization   to   keep   it   running.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The   responsibility   of   a   leader   is   to   correlate   the   members   of   the   organization   effectively. Thus   he   also   plays   the   role   to   eliminate   the   situations   of   conflicts. Thus   in   these   various   functions   of   the   leader,   the   leadership   quality   for   removing   the   conflicts   in   the   organization   is   also   extremely   important   for   him. By   removing   the   conflicts   the   leader   will   be   in   leading   stage   to   work   along   with   the   members   of   the   team.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The   challenge   for   leaders   is   to   effectively   manage   and   resolve   such   conflicts   or,   better   yet,   anticipate   and   prevent   them   from   happening   at   all,   says   CCLs   Patricia   Ohlott   (Patty   Ohlott  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   page   1). According   to   the   traditional   view   of   conflicts,   the   leader   must   have   to   avoid   the   conflicts   which   may   be   for   higher   designation,   appraisal   and   others. The   leader   by   using   his   leadership   qualities   has   to   eliminate   this   uncharacteristic   and   irregular   part. In   the   traditional   view   related   to   the   theory,   the   leader   has   to   decline   the   conflict   and   get   the   member   to   continue   the    work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According   to   the   human   relational   point   of   view   for   conflict,   the   conflicts   will   happen   in   the   organization. The   leader   can   resolve   the   problem   by   creating   routine   contact   with   his   team. This   is   the   simplest   way   of   resolving   the   conflicts. by   having   the   reward   system   one   can   resolve   the   conflict. But   according   to   the   interactionist   view,   the   conflicts   every   time   generate   a   new   situation. Thus   the   leader   must   be   innovative   in   his   ideas,   so   that   he   can   handle   the   various   new   situations   of   conflicts. The   leader   every   time   will   be   able   to   introspect   his   organization   by   having   conflicts   so   that   he   can   judge   the   situation   whether   his   organization   is   working   effectively   or   not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The   leadership   quality   enables   the   leader   to   improve   the   capability   or   capacity   of   the   organization. When   the   leader   will   be   working   effectively,   then   the   functioning   of   the   organization   will   continue   successfully. The   volatility   of   the   organization   depends   on   leader   itself. If   the   leader   is   able   to   predict   the   upcoming   situation,   then   the   organization   will   not   endure   itself. The   leader   has   to   predict   the   situation   whether   they   are   related   to   the   market   or   related   to   the   internal   affairs   with   in   the   organization. The   leader   has   to   eradicate   the   complexity   by   using   the   different   techniques   and   reviewing   inside   organization   and   the   market   situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The   power   means   authority   to   govern   or   leading   the   organization. â€Å"Policies   or   lack   of   policies   often   are   the   initial   reason   for   conflict†. â€Å"Personality   clashes,   clumsy   communication   and   lousy   dispute   resolution   techniques   are   often   why   conflicts   escalate†Ã‚   (PSO   Power   Tools  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   page   1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In   case   of   traditional   view   of   conflict,   the   power   can   resolve   the   conflict   necessarily. By   having   the   power   the   person   in   charge   can   dismiss,   suspend   demote   a   particular   who   is   creating   the   conflicts. By   the   power,   the   leader   can   negotiate   with   the   stakeholders   and   work   for   the   paramount   functioning. The   power   according   to   the   human   relations   view,   can   resolve   the   conflicts   as   by   having   the   power,   the   continuously   happening   conflicts. The   power   can   suppress   the   conflicts   by   eliminating   the   evil   stuff   which   is   originating   the   conflicts. By   power   the   person   in   charge   can   influence   his   downstream   to   work   by   having   team-work   and   coordination. According   to   the   ineractionist   view,   the   conflicts   are   cause   to   decentralize   the   power. Thus   the   person   having   power   in   an   organization   has   to   correct   the   situation   to   stabilize   the   issue. Thus   the   person   can   be   able   to   review   his   state   and   outcome   of   the   conflicts   to   build   the   new   strategies   for   resolving   the   further   difficulties.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The   power   can   enhance   the   capacity   of   the   organization   by   keeping   watch   on   every   perspective   inside   organization   and   suppress   the   troubling   elements. The   powerful   person   in   an   organization   can   acquire   the   position   to   create   the   opportunities   for   the   benefit   of   the   organization. The   volatility   in   an   organization   can   be   eliminated   by   using   the   power. The   power   has   to   predict   the   situation   by   negotiating   effectively   with   the   other   beneficial   sources   and   the   internal   sources   within   the   organization. The   complexity   is   feature   which   can   be   reduced   by   the   power   either   forcefully   or   by   indulging   the   complex   parts   or   sources   in   other   streams   for   the   fruitfulness   of   the   organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The   concept   of   organizational   politics   defined   as   the   as   the   exercise   or   the   use   of   power,   with   power   being   defined   as   a   potential   force. More   than   90%   of   respondents   said   that   politics   is   common   in   organization. 89%   said   that   successful   executives   must   be   good   politicians   and   76%   said   that   higher   one   progresses   in   an   organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The   politics   is   the   key   factor   for   creating   the   conflicts   in   an   organization. The   politics   according   to   the   traditional   view,   the   politics   is   one   of   the   key   factors   for   containing   conflicts   inside   an   organization. The   political   scenario   in   an   organization   will   create   misbehavior   in   the   functioning   of   an   organization. The   occurrence   of   the   conflicts   is   basically   many   times   based   on   the   politics   only. According   to   human   relation   view,   the   conflict   can   happen   in   any   organization. The   structural   changes   happens,   are   due   to   the   politics   by   the   members   inside   an   organization. The   member   causes   the   politics   for   stopping   other’s   growth   or   for   their   personal   growth   also. The   interactionist   view   laid   some   different   idea   over   the   politics   in   an   organization. The   politics   causes   the   different   circumstances   many   a   times. So   the   politics   causes   the   fact   for   an   organization   to   review   its   strategies   inside   an   organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The   politics   can   degrade   as   well   as   enhance   the   capability   of   an   organization. The   politics   can   cause   problem   to   opponents   for   better   working   of   the   organization. The   volatility   is   the   factor   which   is   due   to   the   politics   in   an   organization. For   example,   if   one   policy   is   being   implementing   in   an   organization,   the   politics   by   someone   can   revert   the   position   also. Similarly   the   complexity   in   the   hierarchical   structure   is   also   caused   by   the   politics. Due   to   it,   the   eligible   person   get   ignored   many   of   the   times,   which   causes   the   complexity   and   hence   instability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus   in   an   organization   the   leadership,   power   and   the   politics   are   very   important   and   play   a   key   role   in   better   functioning   of   it. Reference: 1) Jeffrey Pfeffer, Managing with Power: Politics and Influence in Organizations, Harvard Business School Press .http://books.google.com/books?hl=enlr=id=pdsu3ilaAoECoi=fndpg=PR7dq=politics+organization+conflictsots=N8vFMYLhfKsig=D9rOGuygpm7kBHXAI63WSbmD4NQ#PPA7,M1 2) Power, Politics, and Conflict, Richard Field on Management and Information Science. http://www.business.ualberta.ca/rfield/Power%20Politics%20and%20Conflict.htm 3) Patty Ohlott, Identity: A New View for Leading in a Diverse World,Identity and Conflict: A Leaders Role, July 2005. http://www.ccl.org/leadership/enewsletter/2005/JULconflict.aspx?pageId=1292 4) PSO Power Tools, Conflict Management 3, April 2003. http://209.85.135.104/search?q=cache:po8MFHv9z7gJ:www.sportmanitoba.ca/downloads/PT_Conflict_Mgmt.pdf+power+organization+conflicthl=enct=clnkcd=19gl=inclient=firefox-a 5) EH Schein Organizational culture and leadership, 1992. http://www.fcsh.unl.pt/docentes/luisrodrigues/Organizational%20Culture.doc Work-cited: 1) Jeffrey Pfeffer, Managing with Power: Politics and Influence in Organizations, Harvard Business School Press .http://books.google.com/books?hl=enlr=id=pdsu3ilaAoECoi=fndpg=PR7dq=politics+organization+conflictsots=N8vFMYLhfKsig=D9rOGuygpm7kBHXAI63WSbmD4NQ#PPA7,M1 2) Patty Ohlott, Identity: A New View for Leading in a Diverse World,Identity and Conflict: A Leaders Role, July 2005. http://www.ccl.org/leadership/enewsletter/2005/JULconflict.aspx?pageId=1292 3) PSO Power Tools, Conflict Management 3, April 2003. http://209.85.135.104/search?q=cache:po8MFHv9z7gJ:www.sportmanitoba.ca/downloads/PT_Conflict_Mgmt.pdf+power+organization+conflicthl=enct=clnkcd=19gl=inclient=firefox-a

Assessing The Ethical Foreign Policy Makers Politics Essay

Assessing The Ethical Foreign Policy Makers Politics Essay Kant states that we are rational beings; we can free ourselves from the casual necessity of the ordinary world of feelings and inclinations, and can follow the pure moral law, given by reason alone. The debate of means and ends is deeply involved in ethics and ethical foreign policy. Academics suggest that means and goals should be judged by the same set of ethical principles. Often actions that states undertake for a particular purpose can be ethical or unethical. Ethics can be defined as a complete and coherent system of convictions, values and ideas that provides a grid within which some sort of actions can be classified as evil, and so to be avoided, while other sort of actions can be classified as good, and so to be tolerated or even pursued  [1]   If ethics involves a choice between what is morally right and what is morally wrong, the possibility for ethical actions in foreign policy has proven in the past to be quite limited. Ethical foreign policy What passes for ethical standards for governmental policies in foreign affairs is a collection of moralisms, maxims, and slogans, which neither help nor guide, but only confuse, decision  [2]  . DEAN ACHESON Foreign policy is the area of politics that seeks to bridge the boundary between the nation state and its international environment. It refers to decision and actions that involve relations between an independent actor and other actors in the international arena  [3]  . The essential aims of foreign policy are the promotion of safety and prosperity. Sometimes domestic, international and regional actors and factors limit this aims. It has been argued by analysts that morality sits poorly to political action. This is due to the fact that is not always possible to make the best choice, and often the chosen one could be quite far from what is considered the best possible in the political world. Analysts suggest that an ethical foreign policy could be acceptable if: The procedure of the decision- making meets the demands of democratic decision-making. The consequences of the policy alternatives should be more useful than any alternative options examined. The human rights should not be violated. Idealists, Realists, Pragmatists The idealist school of thought states that ethics should govern all relationships. Furthermore, they argue that morality should not be taken in consideration only in domestic political life and ignored where other nations are concerned. Realists such as Machiavelli and Hobbes argue that the state of war is unavoidable in the world politics. The ethical problem of a separation between action and the notion of justice was central to the thinking of Machiavelli. In The Prince, he offers some immoral advice to the new prince: he must know when to act as a beast, how to look only to appearance, how not to be good. Machiavellis ethics consists in recognizing that the existence of human beings is burdened with conflicts  [4]  . Realists sustain that ethics is cultural and therefore variable and controversial. Pragmatists enunciate that foreign policy cannot be based on an absolute ethical ore unqualified national interest foundation. It must be factor in both but not totally reliant in one or another. The Doctrine of Double Effect and decision-making The principle of double effect states that we are responsible of those consequences of our acts which are both anticipated and intended  [5]  . This principle relies on the fact that states are allowed to carry out certain measures conscious from the fact that the measures have possible negative consequences. This Doctrine has later on combined to the Just War tradition related to the humanitarian military interventions. We are aware that is not ethical to attack non-fighting civilians, but according to the tradition it could be that states can attack morally even though the damages to the non-fighting parties can be anticipated. The moral value is determined by the actors intentions and motives. Nevertheless, it is quite difficult to determine the motives. If we take the example of the US attacking Iraq we cannot draw a line between the interests and the real motives, we do not know if the US wanted to free the people from the dictator or to ensure oil supply. Decision-making and evaluations of their consequences are often uncertain. Actors should evaluate better the consequences of their actions, for example, they should consider the effects of a war that could lead to environmental issues , to violence, that often is directed towards civilians and to the development aid which can lead to corruption of the administration. Often actors ignore such considerations in the pre- decision- making process. Decision-making and ethical evaluation remains an issue. In a representative democracy, citizens elect and authorize decision-makers to make decisions for the state to make decision on their behalf. They estimate how the state is promoting national interest; the foreign policy decision- makers represent their morals especially during the election process. Arnold Wolfers states that foreign policy decision making is not beyond moral judgment but rests on moral choices  [6]  . The National interest A democratic definition of the national interest does not accept the distinction between a morality-based and an interest based foreign policy. Moral values are simply intangible interests  [7]  . JOSEPH S. NYE JR. Democratic governments use strategic deceptions by justifying them with the concept of national interest. The division between what is in the national interest and what can be morally justified is often questionable. The national interest is the taking-for-granted base line for foreign policy within all the major parties ( Diana Francis CCTS REVIEW 33). It is a slippery concept, used to describe as well as prescribe foreign policy. It covers five crucial areas of foreign policy: Security, autonomy, welfare, status and prestige and economy. When we speak about national interest we almost always mean the common good of the members of political communities organized as sovereign states not the common good of nations that is, imagined communities of people united by ethnicity, language, history, culture, mythology or kinship (Anderson 1991)  [8]  . The phrase the national interest masks exactly which values leaders are attempting to promote and which they are willing to sacrifice   [9]  . Morgenthau considered as the ultimate realist philosopher, equated interest defined as power  [10]  . He argues that; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦There is a misconception, usually associated with the general depreciation and moral condemnation of power politics that international politics is so thoroughly evil that it is no use looking for moral limitations of the aspirations for power on the international scene. Yet, if we ask ourselves, what political leaders and diplomats are capable of doing to further the power objectives of their respective nations and what they actually do, we realize that they do less than they actually did in other periods of historyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [11]   In the last decade, western government policy-makers have considered ethics shifting away from the realist approach, where the national interest was the basis of policy-making. This policy shift has meant that the declarations of ethical foreign policy emanating from the governments of leading world powers are often uncritically taken at face value and assumed to be simply the right thing to do (The Guardian, 27 March 1999). The drive to act in the interests of others, rather than in purely national interests, can be seen in the justifications for a host of new policy initiatives including major international involvement in Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, former Yugoslavia, East Timor and Sierra Leone in recent years.  [12]  For many commentators, the new, ethical nature of international foreign policy was given clearest expression in the international communitys support for military intervention in the 1999 Kosovo war  [13]  . The US intervention against Afghanistan in 2001 was framed using an ethical language underlying that the US was caring of others and was not pursuing its national interest. George W. Bush described the bombing of Afghanistan as an action of generosity of America and our allies in the aid of oppressed people of Afghanistan(Bush 2001). The US defence secretary, Donald Rumsfeld stated that the military action was following previous US-led interventions in Kuwait, Northern Iraq, Somalia, Bosnia and Kosovo, for the purpose of denying hostile regimes the opportunity to oppress their own people and other people he continues adding that We stand with those Afghans who are being repressed by a regime that abuses the very people it purports to lead( Rumsfeld 2001). David Chandler argues that western governments justified their military action to remove the Afghan regime, after September 11, through the condemnation of human rights record of the Taliban government, Tony Blair stated that; Look for a moment at the Taliban regime. It is undemocratic. That, goes without saying. There is no sport allowed, or television or photography. No art or culture are permitted Women are treated in a way almost too revolting to be credible. First driven out of university; girls not allowed to go to school; no legal rights; unable to go out of doors without a man. Those that disobey are stoned (Blair 2001). Tony Blairs statement shows again that the US and UK dont give other solution that military intervention. This was a further hint behind ethics, without taking in consideration the consequences on human rights. According to Mary Robinson ethical goals, like human rights protection are held to be moral duties and therefore the responsibility of everyone ( The Guardian, 23 October 1999) The ethical dimension Non- violence leads to the highest ethics, which is the goal of all evolution. Until we stop harming all other living beings, we are still savages  [14]   -Thomas Alva Edison On May 1997, the Labour government returned into power in Britain. An immediate change of the new government was the disclosing of the Mission Statement for the FCO. The Statement reads: The Mission of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office is to promote the national interests of the United Kingdom and contribute to a strong international communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ We shall pursue that Mission to secure for Britain four benefits through our foreign policy, the four benefits being security, prosperity, the equality of life and mutual respect. We shall work though our international forums and bilateral relationships to spread the values of human rights, civil liberties and democracy which we demand for ourselves (FCO, 1997a) Robin Cook (Foreign Secretary) seen as the initiating champion of ethical foreign policy strengthened the launch of the Statement: The Labour Government does not accept that political values can be left behind when we check in our passports to travel on diplomatic business. Our foreign policy must have an ethical dimension and must support the demands of other peoples for the democratic rights on which we insist for ourselves. We will put human rights at the heart of our foreign policy. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office ( Ethics and foreign policypg 15-16) Cook made the arms trade an issue. He made the following commitment in 17 July 1997 during his speech; Britain will refuse to supply the equipment and weapons with which regimes deny the demands of their peoples for human rightsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(FCO, 1997c) It was evident that such a policy might have consequences for British prosperity. Prosperity and mutual respect in the Mission Statement are described as a product of national interests. This could bring to the result of a trade-off between the two benefits, in other words one benefit could be scarified in order to achieve the other. Interests is associated with prosperity and ethics with mutual respect. This is the reason why potential conflicts between an interest -based foreign policy and a ethically conducted one are caused. For a long time during his career as Foreign Secretary it was difficult to divert the closure that ethical discussions will be adapted only if they were cost free. Cook allowed arms deals to proceed , the sale of Hawk jets and armoured vehicles to Indonesia are an example that ­ breached any possible notion of ethical exports and respect of human rights. In this case Britain has failed to act as a good citizen because it has placed selfish economic advantag e prior to human rights concerns  [15]  . He did, eventually, resign over Iraq, but he never pointed to the ethical contradiction inherent in being prepared to attack another country on the pretext that it had acquired weapons of mass destruction while his own country had them in abundance and was not honouring its NPT treaty obligations to get rid of them  [16]  . In the Blair government, militarism was the favoured mean of action and used as rhetoric of justification. The air attacks on Serbia and Kosovo and the international occupation of the latter were presented as an ethical intervention that are been morally justified. This justification has been used as a reference point for the later justification of the bombardment, invasion and occupation of Afghanistan and Iraq. Tony Blair has argued that it is vital for Britain to have war fighting as part of its way of being in the world. Peacekeeping, he says, is not enough. War fighting is an important element in our diplomac y. But the tone of moral rectitude is ever present  [17]  . The word foreign discourages an ethical approach and is inimical to it. For the British government necessity was the mother of morality. The use of the epithet dimension during the labour government was a wrong move as it has attracted public attention. Unlike previous governments the Labour government created the context for the development of human rights although it has failed in many occasions to live up with these, the labour government had the courage to attempt an ethical dimension to the foreign policy but failed to achieve this. Conclusion To conclude sovereignty is a value. As governments represent a hope and solution for citizens they should pursue an ethical foreign policy. This can aim at a moralizing state behaviour but cannot establish perfection because moral actions are obviously limited by the fear of war and economic collapse, these bring the sates to act in order to prevent threats considering less morality. Before undertaking any kind of actions government need to have a deep expertise of the case and to be morally aware. We can end agreeing with Hoffemann who stated that: the ethical dimension cannot be taken into consideration as todays states are not ready to commit Hara-kiri.

Approaches to Teaching Listening Skills

Approaches to Teaching Listening Skills Among the other four skills, listening is the one that has been most forgotten and neglected in second language classrooms. So teachers dont pay much attention to this skill and teach it carelessly. In the field of language teaching and learning proficiency has tended to be viewed as the ability of speaking and writing in language in question. Listening and reading skills are in the second position. One reason for this situation might be the demanding characteristic of the listening skill. Listening has gained a new importance in language classrooms after spreading IT technology based information in society in Iran. Moreover it should be mentioned that most of the students class time is devoted to the listening. Despite this, we often take importance of listening for granted, and it is the most overlooked skill among other skills. In natural order of learning any language, listening stands at first rank. Without any reception one can not produce anything. Though, if a teacher wants t o have fluent and productive students, he/she should pay much and necessary attention to teaching listening skill. Listening Some of the teachers believe that speaking should be actively discouraged. One of the reasons of emphasizing listening and delaying speaking is based on an opinion. Those who give importance to speaking view the language as a product and think that language is a behavior and speaking is the manifestation of this learning or happening. On the contrary, there are approaches that gave more importance to listening Nation, Newton (2009). in this approach of language learning , listening is at the center. All of the information necessary for building up the knowledge for using language comes from receptive skills: listening, and reading. When the knowledge of language in this regard is built the learner can write and speak. In other words, with out any input, the outcome or output should be nothing. Gray and Gray (1981) described the benefits of delaying speaking and concentrating on listening. These benefits include the following: 1. The learner is not overloaded by having to focus on two or more skills at the same time-a cognitive benefit. 2. Speed of coverage -receptive knowledge grows faster than productive knowledge. 3. It is easy to move very quickly to realistic communicative listening activities. 4. L earners will not feel shy or worried about their language classes. Having to speak a foreign language, particularly when you know very little, can be a frightening experience. 5. Listening activities are well studied to independent learning through listening to readings. Critics believe that producing a language is not sufficient for learning. In language learning substantial quantities of receptive activity should be included in the mind for future use. To speak communicatively and to convey and understand the meaning, one should have a previous language knowledge and information in his/her mind. Models of listening Traditionally listening was viewed as a passive skill through which the listener or hearer received information sent by message senders. More recently listening is viewed as an active and interpretive process by which the message is not fixed but is made or created by participants. (Newton,Nation.2009) Types of listening According to Nation and Newton (2009) there are two types of listening: 1. One-way listening-typically associated with the transfer of information. 2. Two-listening- typically associated with maintaining social relations. As it is understood, in the first type of listening one can listen to monologues which are one way productions without any pause and stop to clarification. While in two-way listening both sides of interaction are active in a natural sounding dialogues. Listening process One of the listening processes is bottom-up one. In this process the message goes from the parts to the whole by piece. In this process the listener uses information which is already present in data. The other process in listening is top -down process. As Nation and Newton (2009) state this process involves the listener in inferencing. The listener goes from whole to parts. Listeners previous knowledge or information and his /her content of schemata help him/her to predict what the message will be. According to the above mentioned processes, listening is not a single skill but as a variety of sub-skills (Nation, Newton, 2009). So listening comprehension is a top-down approach which focuses on meaning and need much care and attention. Problems with traditional model There are a lot of problems with traditional models of teaching listening skills. In old methods of teaching the responsibility of learning were not upon the shoulders of the students. Teachers set goals. Chose material and control the equipments. There were little room for students preferences. the fact that the teacher still tends to choose the material becomes even harder to justify now that a wide range of spoken language is available to students outside the language classroom through a satellite TV and the internet (Goodith White, 2006). some of the teachers of this model , and learners are regarded as passive over-hearers rather than active participants in the listening process. They are often listening to audio or video tape which they can not stop. In order to clarify and solve the comprehension problems, it is necessary for them to integrate or interact with the speakers. In real life situations, listeners play an active and important role in dialogues and speech acts. They show interest, ask questions, ask for repetitions, and cause the speakers to modify some parts. Some ways of improving the teaching of listening It seems clear that the way of teaching listening needs to be modified and changed. In order to engage the students in the subject and make them active in the learning process some of the traditional problems of regarding models of teaching listening should be avoided. It is better to allow students to: 1.choose what they listen to 2. make their own listening text 3. control their equipment 4. give the instructions 5. design their own listening task 6. reflect on their problems in listening(White,2006). Goals for teaching and learning listening White (1998) states the listening skill goals as: -understanding short utterances on a literal semantic level -understanding interactive discourse -understanding the functional/illocutionary force of an utterance -interpreting utterances in terms of the situation -resolving comprehension problems by seeking help from the speaker -remembering input, monitoring, and evaluating how well one is understanding. Conclusion I tried to persuade the readers through these pages that the methodology for teaching listening needs to be changed. All aspects of listening skills should be covered and lead to true competence in listening with in a communicative competence framework. Suggestion is to deal with the listening in a more task based area of attention and authenticity of listening materials needs to be at the center of attention. Students and listeners should be encouraged to take more responsibility for developing their listening ability.

Rohypnol :: essays research papers

In the 1950s it was commonly know as slipping someone a Mickey Finn. By the mid-1980s it was called H-Bombing: prostitutes slipped the sleeping pill Halcion into a customers drink and robbed them after they would pass out. But the recent introduction of the illicit doping drugs, rohypnol promises to take the dangerous practice of doping unsuspecting victims into new depths. Today I am going to talk about rohypnol or other wise known as the â€Å"date rape drug†. I will tell you what it is, its effects, and the steps people can take to avoid rohypnol.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the May 98 issue of Clinical Pediatrics, rohypnol is a sedative-hypnotic benzadiazepine manufactured by the Hoffman La Roche Company in Europe and Latin America, and is prescribed in those places for treatment of anxiety and insomnia. Although the drug is not manufactured or prescribed in the United States, it is homemade or smuggled into the country and distributed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rohypnol is the trade name for the drug flunitrazepam a benzadiazepine which is a central nervous system depressant like Valium but 10 time more potent. The marketed drug looks like aspirin, but has a single or cross-scored on one side with ROCHE spelled across it with the number 1 or 2 encircled underneath it on the other side. The drug is a 1 or 2 mg pill that is shipped in bubble packaging or blister packs that appear very similar to aspirin also. Street prices one-milligram tablet is $1and $5 for a two-milligram tablet. Street names for rohypnol are roche, la roche, rope, roofies, rib, ruffies, stupefi, and the most common the date rape drug. When dissolved in alcohol, soft drinks, water, or any other liquid the drug is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because of this rohypnol can easily be slipped into the drink of an unsuspecting sexual assault victim by an assailant. The result is that the victim remembers nothing of the sexual assault or that they knew something was happening but could not do anything about it. Effects of rohypnol begin within 20 minutes after ingesting then last up to 8 to 24 hours. Rohypnol intoxication is generally associated with impaired judgment and impaired motor skills, and the combination of alcohol and rohypnol is also especially hazardous together because their effects on memory and judgments are greater than effects from either of them taken alone. Other effects include visual impairment, drowsiness, confusion, decreased blood pressure, memory impairment, gastrointestinal disturbances and urinary retention.

Queen Elizabeth’s Treatment of Catholics Essay -- British History

Queen Elizabeth’s Treatment of Catholics The reformation of England had been a long drawn out affair dating back to King Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy in 1534. By the accession of Elizabeth in 1558, many historians believe that she inherited a country, which was still predominantly Catholic in belief. Although people of South Eastern England were likely to be influenced by the peoples of Europe, who were experiencing reforms, Doran (1994) suggests that the number of Protestants accounted for just 14 per cent of the population of Sussex and less than 10 per cent in Kent. Whether rural lifestyles were largely unaffected by changing religious doctrine due to a primitive communications network or general disinterest, as long as the laity were allowed to continue living as they had previously, is open for debate. However the attitudes of city dwellers in London, England’s premier city and official residence of the monarchy were quite different. The brief rule of Queen Mary, Elizabeth’s predecessor and Catholic half sister had brought about the restoration of Catholic practices and also a regime of Protestant persecution. Public executions of branded heretics proved to have an adverse reaction as it created strong anti-Catholic sentiment and rather than to extirpate the Protestant faith, those who converted to Protestantism, if they were not exiled went underground. Described by Briscoe (2000), Elizabeth I is considered to be one of the country’s most successful and popular monarchs. Unlike the reign of her sister Mary, which was by and large disastrous, Elizabeth made herself a powerful image of female authority ‘through the embellishment and through concrete policies that she urged her nation to follow’ (Jagger (1995)). Her policies could be attributed to the rigorous education she received as a child, which included history, languages, moral philosophy, theology and rhetoric. Her tutor Roger Ascham believed her mind to have no ‘womanly weaknesses, and her perseverance and memory to be equal to that of a man’ (Jagger (1995)). As an adult however, although very intelligent, ruthless and calculating at times, she was also renowned for her indecisive nature. This was due to the fact that ‘she sought peace above all other objects’ (Johnson (1974) p2): a trait, which many historians believe to have come from her father. Elizabeth viewed Catholicism as ... ... Doran S. (1994), Elizabeth I and religion 1558 – 1603, p48  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Routledge Doran S. (1994), Elizabeth I and religion 1558 – 1603, p7 Routledge Doran S. (1994), Elizabeth I and religion 1558 – 1603. Routledge Jagger A. (1995) The life of Elizabeth I www.luminarium.org/renlit/eliza.htm Johnson P. (1974) Elizabeth: A Study in Power and Intellect Weidenfeld & Nicolson Johnson P. (1974) Elizabeth: A Study in Power and Intellect Weidenfeld & Nicolson Johnson P. (1974) Elizabeth: A Study in Power and Intellect Weidenfeld & Nicolson Queen Elizabeth I quote: Modern History Sourcebook: Queen Elizabeth I of England Selected Writing and Speeches http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/elizabeth1.html McGrath P. 1967, Papists and Puritans under Elizabeth I, Blandford Press McGrath P. 1967, Papists and Puritans under Elizabeth I, Blandford Press Warren J. (1998), Elizabeth I: Religion and foreign affairs, Hodder & Stoughton Warren J. (1998), Elizabeth I: Religion and foreign affairs, p66 Hodder & Stoughton Warren J. (1998), Elizabeth I: Religion and foreign affairs, p69 Hodder & Stoughton Warren J. (1998), Elizabeth I: Religion and foreign affairs. Hodder & Stoughton   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Are video games good for kids? Essay

Are video games bad for kids? Back in time in mid 90’s the best source of entertainment for kids was the television that have a great variety of cartoons for the kids to have good entertainment and learn good things. But now they have video games that right now are the top selling industry in the world according to Barbara Ortutay of MSNBC online â€Å"the selling of video games on July of this year went to $1. 19 billion with a 17 percent more than last year. But the only concern for the society is that kids are getting to much access to violent games and that makes the video games bad for them. As said by David Walsh, Ph. D. National Institute on Media and the Family he said in this report that â€Å"Children are more likely to imitate the actions of a character with whom they identify. In violent video games the player is often required to take the point of view of the shooter or perpetrator. Video games by their very nature require active participation rather than passive observation. Repetition increases learning. Video games involve a great deal of repetition. If the games are violent, then the effect is a behavioral rehearsal for violent activity. † He also said that â€Å"Exposure to violent games increases physiological arousal, increases aggressive thoughts, increases aggressive emotions and increases aggressive actions. † Video games should not be at the reach of any kid because more all less they all involve violence like for example Mario games that all of them involve killing enemies for success, or crash bandicoot that have the same type of game experience as Mario. Naturally there are always people that do not think the same way like ABC news. com that make a report of social critic Steven Johnson, author of the controversial new book, â€Å"Everything Bad Is Good for You. â€Å"he argues that video games — violent or not — are making children smarter. â€Å"You have to manage multiple objectives at the same time,† he said. â€Å"You have to manage all these different resources, and you have to make decisions every second of the game. † Video games typically require the player to complete a number of specific tasks to win. â€Å"Well we have to get the Jeep, we have to ride up a hill, kill the snipers, drive past the mountainside, go into another giant palace and activate the remote,† said one 10-year-old interviewed by ABC News while playing the Halo 2 video game, designed for the Microsoft Xbox gaming system. But children should not be exposed to that type of learning because they are going to be more aggressive and â€Å"less positive people toward life† according to David Walsh. ABC also site from Johnson that â€Å"Children who play such video games exhibit what experts call â€Å"fluid intelligence,† or problem solving. † â€Å"They have to discover the rules of the game and how to think strategically,† said James Paul Gee, a University of Wisconsin-Madison curriculum and instruction professor. â€Å"Like any problem solving that is good for your head, it makes you smarter. † â€Å"Intelligence test scores in the United States are rising faster than ever, experts say. One possible reason: Studies show video games make people more perceptive, training their brains to analyze things faster. † But the truth based on studies is that â€Å"Studies measuring cognitive responses to playing violent video games have shown that violent games increase aggressive thoughts. These findings have been found for males and females, children and adults, and in experimental and correlational studies. † Said David Walsh on his report. In conclusion violent video games should be restricted for kids in all the way possible because they will develop more aggressive actions, less caring and aggressive emotions in comparison with regular games that also have that responses and that also should be avoided for the raising of a kid. People can say that the help to problem solving and to fast response to other thing but the truth is that the make more damage than a helping. Works Cited Walsh, David. â€Å"Video Game Violence and Public Policy† culturalpolicy. edu. 2001. September 30, 2008. http://culturalpolicy. uchicago. edu/conf2001/papers/walsh. html. Ortutay, Barbara. â€Å"July video game sales jump 28 percent† MSNBC. com. August 14, 2008. September 30, 2008. http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/26208654/ Argumentative essay Angel Bello 802-08-0724 October 1,2008.

Customer Satisfaction on Milk Products Essay

â€Å"Marketing is a total system of business, an ongoing process of: 1. Discovering and translating consumer needs and desires into the products services (planning and producing the planned products). 2. Creating demand for this product and services through promotion and pricing. 3. Serving the consumer demand through planned and physical distribution with the help of marketing channels. 4. Expanding the market even in the place of keen competition. † â€Å"Marketing is the process associated with promotion for sale goods or services. It is considered a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and values with others. It is an integrated process through which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return. † The modern marketer is called upon to set the marketing objectives, develop the marketing plan, organize the, marketing function, implement the marketing plan or programme (Marketing mix) and control the marketing programme to ensure the accomplishment of the set marketing objectives. The marketing programme covers producer planning or merchandising, price, promotion and distribution. In short, modern marketing begins with the customer, not with production cost, sales, technological landmarks and it ends with the customer satisfaction and social well-being. Under the market- driven economy buyer or customer is the boss. Marketing has been viewed as an ongoing or dynamic process involving a set of interacting activities dealing with a market offering by producers to consumers on the basis of reliable marketing anticipation. 1. Marketing is a matching process by which a process by which a producer provides a marketing mix that meets consumer demands of a target markets within the limits of society. The process is based on corporate goals and corporate capabilities. Marketing process brings together producers and consumers the two main participants in exchange. Each producer or seller has certain goals and capabilities in making and marketing his products. He uses marketing research as a tool to anticipate market demand. Then he provides a marketing mix in order to capitalize marketing opportunity. An exchange or a transaction takes when market offering is acceptable to the customer who is prepared to give something value I return against the product so bought. Objectives of Marketing: 1. Increase in sales volume 2. Increase in net profit 3. Growth of the enterprise Marketing environment The term marketing environment relates to all of the factors (whether internal, external, direct or indirect) that affects a firm’s marketing decision-making or planning and is subject of the marketing research. A firm’s marketing environment consists of two main areas, which are: a. Macro environment On the macro environment a firm holds only little control. It consists of a variety of external factors that manifest on a large (or macro) scale. These are typically economic, social, political or technological phenomena. A common method of assessing a firm’s macro-environment is via a PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Ecological) analysis. Within a PESTLE analysis, a firm would analyze national political issues, culture and climate, key macroeconomic conditions, health and indicators (such as economic growth, inflation, unemployment, etc.), social trends/attitudes, and the nature of technology’s impact on its society and the business processes within the society. b. Micro environment A firm holds a greater amount (though not necessarily total) control of the micro environment. It comprises factors pertinent to the firm itself, or stakeholders closely connected with the firm or company. A firm’s micro environment typically spans: * Customers/consumers * Employees * Suppliers * The Media By contrast to the macro environment, an organization holds a greater degree of control over these factors. Market segmentation Market segmentation pertains to the division of a market of consumers into persons with similar needs and wants. As an example, if using Kellogg’s cereals in this instance, Frosties are marketed to children. Crunchy Nut Cornflakes are marketed to adults. Both goods aforementioned denote two products which are marketed to two distinct groups of persons, both with like needs, traits, and wants. The purpose for market segmentation is conducted for two main issues. First, segmentation allows a better allocation of a firm’s finite resources. A firm only possesses a certain amount of resources. Accordingly, it must make choices (and appreciate the related costs) in servicing specific groups of consumers. Furthermore the diversified tastes of the contemporary Western consumers can be served better. With more diversity in the tastes of modern consumers, firms are taking noting the benefit of servicing a multiplicity of new markets. Market segmentation can be defined in terms of the STP acronym, meaning Segment, Target and Position. Segment. Segmentation involves the initial splitting up of consumers into persons of like needs/wants/tastes. Four commonly used criteria are used for segmentation, which include: * Geographical (e. g. country, region, city, town, etc. ) * Psychographic (i. e. personality traits or character traits which influence consumer behavior) * Demographic (e. g. age, gender, socio-economic class, etc. ) * Behavioral (e. g. brand loyalty, usage rate, etc. ) Target Once a segment has been identified, a firm must ascertain whether the segment is beneficial for them to service. The DAMP acronym, meaning Discernible, Accessible, Measurable and Profitable, are used as criteria to gauge the viability of a target market. DAMP is explained in further detail below: * Discernable – How a segment can be differentiated from other segments. * Accessible – How a segment can be accessed via Marketing Communications produced by a firm. * Measurable – Can the segment be quantified and its size determined? * Profitable – Can a sufficient return on investment be attained from a segment’s servicing? The next step in the targeting process is the level of differentiation involved in a segment serving. Three modes of differentiation exist, which are commonly applied by firms. These are: * Undifferentiated – Where a company produces a like product for all of a market segment. * Differentiated – In which a firm produced slight modifications of a product within a segment. * Niche – In which an organisation forges a product to satisfy a specialised target market. Marketing information system A marketing information system (MKIS) is an information system that is commonly used by marketing management to analyses and view information pertaining to marketing activities. As the label suggests, an MKIS is a computer-based information system therefore used to input, store, process and output marketing information. [12] An MKIS spans four subset components, which are detailed below: 1. Marketing intelligence system This sub-system stores information gathered from a firm’s marketing intelligence activities. Marketing intelligence consists of actions a firm would undertake within its own market or industry, geared towards information existing within its markets. This can be obtained via communication with suppliers, consumers or other bodies within a market. 2. Internal processes system The internal processes system catalogues all internal marketing processes within a firm. 3. Marketing research system This section of the overall system contains data from a firm’s marketing research activities. 4. Analytical system The analytical system is the only sub-system which does not store data or information. Its function is to analyze and process data from the other three systems, into reliable, timely and relevant information for the perusal and use of marketing management. Industry profile: In early 1940’s a farmer in Kaira district, as elsewhere in India, derived his income almost entirely from seasonal crops. The income from milk was paltry and could not be depended upon. The main buyers were milk traders of Polson Ltd. -a privately owned company that enjoyed monopoly for supply of milk from Kaira to the Government Milk Scheme Bombay. The system leads to exploitation of poor and illiterate farmers by the private traders. However, when the exploitation became intolerable, the farmers were frustrated. They collectively appealed to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who was a leading activist in the freedom movement. Sardar Patel advised the farmers to sell the milk on their own by establishing a cooperative union, instated of supplying milk to private traders. Sardar Patel sent the farmer to Shri Morarji Dasai in order to gain his Co-operation and help. Shri Dasai held a meeting at ‘Samrkha’ village near Anand, on January 4, 1946. He advised the farmers to from a society for collection of the milk. These village societies would collect the milk themselves and also decided prices for that which would be profitable for them. The district union was also from to collect the milk from such village cooperative societies and to sell them. It was also resolved that the government should asked to buy milk from the union. However, the government did not seem to help farmer by any means. It gave the negative response by turning down the demand for the milk. To respond to this action of government, farmer of Kaira district went on a milk strike. For 15 days not a single drop of milk was sold to the traders. As a result the Bombay milk scheme was severely affected. The milk commissioner of Bombay then visited Anand to assess the situation. Finely he decided to fulfill the farmers demand. Thus their cooperative unions were forced at village and district level to collect and sell milk on a cooperative basis, without the intervention of government. Mr. Verghese Kurien had main interest in establishing union who was supported by Shri Tribhuvandas Patel who convinced farmers in forming the cooperative unions at the village level. ‘The Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Union’ was thus established in Anand and was registered formally under section 10 of Bombay Act VII of 1925 on December 14, 1946. Since then farmers are selling all the milk in Anand through cooperative union. In 1955 it was commonly decided the sell milk under the brand name ‘Amul’ At the initial stage only 250 liters of milk was collected every day. But with the growing awareness of the benefits of the co-operative-ness the collection of milk increased. Today Amul collect 50, 00,000 liters of milk every day. As the milk is perishable commodity it became difficult to preserve milk for a longer period. Besides when the milk was to be collected from the far places there was a fear of spoiling of milk. To overcome this problem the union thought to develop the chilling unit at various junctions, which would collect the milk and could chill so as preserve it a for a longer period. Thus, today Amul has more than 168 chilling centers in various villages. Milk is collected from almost 1097 societies. With the financial help from UNICEF, assistance from the government of NewZealand under the Colombo plan, of Rs. 50 million for factory to manufactory milk powder and butter. Dr. Rajendara Prasad, the president of India laid the foundation on November 50, 1954. Shri Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the prim minister of India declared it open at Amul dairy on November 20, 1955. KARANATAKA MILK FEDERATION Karnataka cooperative milk producers’ federation limited (KMF) is the apex body in Karnataka representing dairy farmers’ co-operatives. It is the second largest dairy co-operative amongst the dairy cooperatives in country. In south india it stands first in terms of procurement as well as sales. One of the core functions of the federation is marketing of milk and milk products. The brand â€Å" nandini† is the household name for pure and fresh milk and milk products. KMF has 13 mil unions throughout the state which procure milk from primary dairy cooperative societies (DCS) and distribute milk to the consumers in various towns/cities/rural markets in Karnataka. The first ever world bank funded dairy development program in the country started in Karnataka with the organization of village level dairy co-operative in 1974. The AMUL pattern of dairy co-operatives started functioning in Karnataka from 1974-75 with the financial assistance from world bank, operation flood II & III. The dairy co-operative were established under the ANAND pattern in a three tier structure with the village level dairy co-operative forming the base level, the district level milk unions at the middle level to take care of the procurement, processing and marketing of milk and the Karnataka milk federation as the apex body to co-operative the growth of the sector at state level. Cooperative of activities among the union and developing market for milk products is the responsibility of KMF, marketing milk in the respective jurisdiction is organized by the respective milk unions. Surplus/ deficit of liquid milk among the member milk unions is monitored by the federation. While the marketing of all the milk products is organized by KMF, both wit in and outside the state, all the milk and milk products are sold under a common brand name NANDINI. Company profile INTRODUCTION The Bangalore Milk Union Ltd. , (Bamul) was established during 1975 under Operation Flood II by keeping â€Å"Amul† as its Roll Model. At present Bamul has Bangalore Urban, Bangalore Rural & Ramanagaram Districts of Karnataka State as its area of operation for Milk Procurement and selling Milk in part of Bruhath Bangalore Mahanagara Palika (BBMP) area. Since its inception the Union is constantly striving further for dairy development and marketing activities in its milk shed area. OBJECTIVES * To organize Dairy Co-operative Societies at Village level and dissemination of information like good dairy animal husbandry and breeding practices & Clean Milk Production through Extension Services. * To provide assured market & remunerative price for the milk produced by the farmer members of the co-operative societies. * To provide technical input services like veterinary services, artificial insemination, supply of balanced cattle feed & Fodder seed materials etc., to milk producers. * To facilitate rural development by providing opportunities for self-employment at village level, thereby preventing migration to urban areas, introducing cash economy & opportunity for steady income. * To provide quality Milk and milk products to urban consumers at competitive prices. BACKGROUND On January 1st 1958 a pilot scheme to cater the Bangalore Milk Market, Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Karnataka was started Milk processing facilities & Veterinary Hospitals at National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI). Later in 1962, The Bangalore Milk Supply Scheme came into existence as an independent body. With the great efforts by the then Hon’ble Minister for Revenue & Dairying, Government of Mysore Sri M V Krishnappa, A joint venture of UNICEF, Government of India & Government of Mysore was dedicated Bangalore Dairy to the people of Karnataka State on 23rd January 1965 by the then Hon’ble Prime Minister Late Sri Lal Bahadhur Shastriji. The Bangalore Dairy scattering over an area of 52 Acres of land, the Dairy had an initial capacity to process 50,000 liters of milk per day. Bangalore Dairy underwent a structural change in December 1975, handed over to Karnataka Dairy Development Corporation (KDDC). Rural Milk Scheme of Mysore, Hassan & Kudige Districts was started under Operation Flood-II and then transferred to Karnataka Milk Federation (KMF) in May 1984 as a successor of KDDC. To cater to the growing demand for milk by the consumers of Bangalore City, the capacity was increased to 1. 5 lakh liters per day under the Operation Flood-II during 1981 and later increased to 3. 5 lakh liters per day under Operation Flood-III during 1994. As per the policies of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), Bangalore Dairy was handed over to Bangalore Milk Union Ltd. , (Bamul) on 1st September 1988. The Union is capable of processing the entire milk procured, by timely implementation of several infrastructure projects like commissioning of New Mega Dairy state-of-the-art technology with a processing Capacity of 6. 0 Lakh liters per day, new chilling centers, renovation of product block etc. ,The milk shed area of Bamul comprises of 2611 revenue villages. As of now the Union has organized 1853 Dairy Co-operative Societies (DCS) in 2,245 villages, thereby covering 86 % of the total villages in these three districts. In these DCSs, there are 3,40,307 milk producer members. Among them 109834 members are women and 60,452 members belong to Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes. The philosophy of this co-operative milk producers’ organisation is to eliminate middlemen and organise institutions owned and managed by milk producers, by employing professionals. Achieve economies of scale of rural milk producers by ensuring maximum returns and at the same time providing wholesome milk at reasonable price to urban consumers. Ultimately, the complex network of co-operative organisation should build a strong bridge between masses of rural producers and millions of urban consumers & achieve a socio-economic revolution in the village community. Bamul has been registered under MMPO by Central Registration Authority. Today, the Union has become the biggest Milk Co-operative Union in Southern India. Bamul has been certified for ISO 22000:2005 & ISO 9001-2000 for quality management and Food Safety Systems. In recognistion to these efforts and achievements, the National Productivity Council (NPC) of Government of India has conferred â€Å"Best Productivity Award† FIVE TIMES and â€Å"Energy Conservation Award† by Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) to the Union. VISION, MISSION, OF THE UNION VISION â€Å" WISH TO GROW INTO A MODEL CO-OPERATIVE† bamul is biggest milk union in south india, fully owned and managed by milk producers of Bangalore rural and urban districts of Karnataka state. Since its incepection in 1975, union is constantly striving to further the dairy development and marketing activities in shed area. MISSION â€Å" USHERING RURAL PROSPERITY IN THE LIVES OF MEMBERS OF MILK PRODUCER† This co-operative milk producer’s orgation is to eliminate middlemen and organize institution owned by the milk producers themselves, by employing professionals, achieve economies of scale and to ensure maximum returns to the producers, at the milk producers, at the same time providing wholesome milk at reasonable price to urban consumers ultimately, the complex network of co-operative should build a strong bridge between masses of rural producers and millions of urban consumers and achieve a socio-economic revolution in the vicinity of the territory. MILESTONE: 2008 Commissioning of Channarayapatna Product Plant at a total cost of Rs. 72 Crores. * a) Launch of New products & new stunning packs (Sundae, Crazy Cone ice cream/Lite Skimmed Milk/ Cool Milcafe/Choco Milk Shake/Dairy Whitener) * b) Launch of Goodlife Slim in 1Ltr Brik. 2009 Gulbarga Dairy & Milk Marketing taking over by KMF 2009 Launch of Good Life variants in Cuttack,Orissa,Tiruchi(Tamilnadu) 2010 Peak Procurement of 41. 83 LKPD 2010 Starting of Procurement routes at N. R. Pura,Koppa Taluk(Chickmagalur District) 2010 Hosting of new KMF website wwww. kmfnandini. coop with online order facility. ORGANISATION STATUS The member producers and their Dairy Co-operative Societies (DCS) are the vital constituents of the Union and their progress is the judging yardstick on the efficiency of the Union’s operation. Hence the maximum importance has been given to their development. The Union is making intensive efforts over the years to organize DCSs in more and more villages of the three districts in the milk-shed area. Number of Functional DCS 1266 1301 1386 1433 1483 1547 1607 1657 1708 1761 1805 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2000-01 2001- 02 2002- 03 2003- 04 2004- 05 2005-06 2006- 07 2007- 08 2008- 09 2009-10 2010- 11 Importance has been given to enroll more and more milk producers in the villages as members of these DCS’s. While enrolling these members, more emphasis is being accorded to enroll more number of women members and to organize more women managed DCSs under STEP (Support to Training and Employment Program for Women). It is heartening to note that there is an active participation of women/ weaker sections of the society in all the dairy development activities of the Union. They have become mainstay of all the developmental programs of the Union. This has resulted in the buildup of economical benefits to the most vulnerable sections of the rural mass. As on March 2011 in these DCS , there are 3,40,307 milk producer members are enrolled and out of which 1,09,834 are women and 44,202 members belong to Schedule caste and 16,250 members belongs to schedule Tribes. Total Milk Producers & Women Membership at DCS 185166 203831 275440 289095 297162 309597 321238 327176 325854 331544 340307 32827 38878 72220 81344 85849 91746 96653 99603 102842 105804 109834 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 2000 -01 2001- 2002 2002- 03 2003- 04 2004- 05 2005- 06 2006- 07. 2007- 08 2008- 09 2009- 10 2010- 11 MILK PROCUREMENT The Milk produced by 92913 farmers at village level will be collected every day morning and Evening at DCS. Under Clean Milk Production programme, to maintain the freshness & quality of the milk 121 Bulk Milk Coolers covering 373 DCS of Total Capacity 1,59,000 Lts were installed at DCS level. During the year the Unions daily average milk procurement is 8. 47 Lakh Kgs, which works out to be 410 kgs per day per DCS. The milk procurement has increased by 2. 15 % when compared to the last year. Bamul is offering the most remunerative milk procurement price to member producers. The operational efficiency is reflected on procurement prices paid to the member producers. The average milk procurement price paid during the year was Rs. 19. 81 for every Kg of Milk supplied to the Union. Which is 80% of total cost of production. Milk collected at DCS will be transported to Chilling Centers, through 92 Milk Procurement Can Routes, by traveling 15,497 KM’s every day. 21 Bulk Milk Cooler (BMC) Routes are also in operation, which collects milk from 121 BMC centers of 373 DCS directly transported to Bangalore Dairy through insulated tankers. LIQUID MILK MARKETING. The Bangalore Milk Union is marketing milk and milk products in the brand name of â€Å"Nandini† through 1190 retailers, 38 Franchisee Outlets, 25 Milk Parlors, 224 distribution routes. The key success factor of Bamul in becoming a market leader is the narrow price spread maintained between purchase & sales, marketing higher volumes of milk. The volume of sales plays a critical role in determining costs. Hence, the market strategy of Bangalore Milk Union is to regard selling of market milk as its core marketing activity and to concentrate its efforts in this direction to increase the volume of milk sales. The impressive growth in the sale of milk by Bamul over the years is due to the persistent efforts to maintain timely supply, maintaining quality and attending to the complaints of consumers and agents with prompt follow-up action. Bamul is also organising Consumer Awareness Programme as a part of Market Development to create awareness of â€Å"Nandini† Milk through personal contacts, Door to Door campaigns, Organisational Meetings, School Children Mega Dairy Plant visit etc. , are conducting regularly. INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT: The strategy of Bangalore Milk Union is â€Å"Procure More, Sell More & Serve More† and reaping the benefits of economies of scale. In order to realize this strategy, the Union has implemented the following projects so that more and more milk can be procured and processed. This will help us to serve our producer members by passing on the maximum benefits, we are consciously adopting the growth-oriented strategy of helping our producers to grow by ourselves growing constantly. Mega Dairy with a capacity to process 6 lakh litres of milk per day expandable to 10 llpd has been built by investing Rs.38. 70 crores obtained as term loan from National Dairy Development Board. The Mega Dairy, has latest state-of-the-art technological facilities in dairy processing and the Union will have the ability to manufacture milk and milk products to world class standards. Although Bamul sets standards for its products for better serve to customers, it was not possible to keep the standards stability due to manual operations. In designing mega dairy, Bamul looked towards an automated system that would allow it to achieve consistent quality parameters for each product. Energy and manpower would also be more effectively optimised and controlled and all plant equipment would be integrated. NEW Projects: Bamul has planned to convert Hosakote Chilling Center into a 2. 0. LLPD Capacity Dairy with an investment of Rs. 2427. 00 Lakh and a New Product Block at Bangalore Dairy Premises with an investment of Rs. 2033. 00 Lakhs . Bamul has SEVEN Chilling Centers geographically located around Bangalore and 85 Bulk Milk Coolers at DCS Level. Milk Product Block within the campus to manufacture Butter, Ghee, Peda, Flavoured Milk, Spiced Butter Milk, Paneer, Set Curds etc., FINANCE: The Union had an approximate turnover of Rs. 698. 47 crores in the year 2010-11 as against Rs. 527. 76 Crores for the year 2009-10. TECHNICAL INPUT SERVICES: Bangalore Milk Union is providing various Technical Input & Extension Services to the milk producer members & their Dairy animals through ELEVEN Camp Offices situated in each Taluk i. e. , Anekal, Bangalore Head Office (Bangalore South), Yelahanka (Bangalore North), Channapattana, Devanahalli, Doddaballapura, Hosakote, Kanakapura, Solur (Magadi), Nelamangala & Ramanagara. From these camps the Technical Input services like Weekly Mobile Veterinary Service, Emergency Veterinary Service, Artificial Insemination Service, Periodical Vaccinations, Balanced Cattle Feed Sales, Mineral Mixture Sales, Fodder development and Fodder Seed Production, Clean Milk Production practices, Extension Services for Cattle Feeding, breeding, insurance and milk production etc. , will be carried over. ANIMAL HEALTH AND OTHER ACTIVITIES ANIMAL HEALTH The Union is taking special care to promote the health of the cattle of member milk producers. Veterinary facilities have been extended to all the DCS. Mobile veterinary routes, emergency veterinary routes, Health camps, vaccination against foot & mouth disease and thaileriosis diseases, etc. , are being regularly done. Regularly Deworming is also done for the cattle. There is also a backup of First Aid Services to needy DCS’s. Particulars| 2006-07| 2007-08| 2008-09| 2009-10| 2010-11| MVR Cases Treated| | | | 43761| 171613| Health Camp cases Treated| 128174| 149565| 166198| 118307| | Emergency Cases Treated| 63818| 70735| 70420| 74773| 88440| F& M Vaccination| 377654| 430431| 373107| 528259| 506479| Rakshavac| 13675| 13395| 18094| 26227| 22176|. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION Artificial Insemination (AI) has been the main functional tool in dictating this upsurge of development of Dairying in Bamul. Farmers have taken up cross-breeding from way back in 1962. The Union has surveyed and appropriately located AI centers based on cattle population. It is also popularized the idea of cluster AI centers and replace the Single AI centers in a phased manner. The use of progeny tested semen from â€Å"Nandini Sperm Station† is also giving a further boost to the breeding activities. Particulars| 2005-06| 2006-07| 2007-08| 2008-09| 2009-10| 2010-11| No. of Single AI Centers| 320| 248| 251| 259| 259| 242| No. of AI Done| 1,66,614| 1,27,320| 1,11,536| 1,12,740| 1,16,002| 113300| No. of Cluster AI Centers| 64| 89| 94| 96| 101| 111| No. of AI Done| 1,38,895| 1,69,950| 1,69,185| 1,92,207| 1,97,645| 227761| Total AI Done| 3,05,509| 2,97,270| 2,80,721| 3,04,947| 313647| 341061| To reduce infertility in cattle, a frontal attack has been continuously attempted by conducting Special Infertility Camps under the expert guidance and by the use of infertility connected drugs. During 1999-2000, a Vertical Silo of 10,000 liter capacity for storing Liquid Nitrogen has been installed under TMDD program in collaboration with National Dairy Development Board and Karnataka Milk Federation. In addition this facility is being used for supplying liquid nitrogen to neighboring Unions and also to Department of Animal Husbandry. This has helped in protecting the quality of semen straws, thereby considerably increasing the probability of conception during artificial insemination of cattle. CATTLE FEED & FODDER DEVELOPMNET. The Union is implementing several programs to increase milk production and also to reduce the cost of milk production in the milk shed area. Balanced cattle feed is being procured from the Cattle Feed Plants of KMF for distribution among member producers. Fodder seeds are distributed to member producers at subsidized rates. In addition to this, technical advice, Silage Demonstrations, Azzolla Demonstrations and Straw Treatment Demonstrations are also being conducted at DCS level. Chaff Cutters are supplied at subsidized rates. Cattle Feed Sales: Particulars| 2005-06| 2006-07| 2007-08| 2008-09| 2009-10| 2010-11| CF Sales (in MT’s)| 28515| 29813| 33359| 37691| 40529| 45233| A Seed Processing plant was commissioned at Rajankunte by investing Rs. 41 lakhs. The Union is catering to the Seed production needs of many Unions in Karnataka and also of Southern India. YASHASVINI HEALTH INSURANCE: Yashasvini Health Insurance Scheme was muted by Government of Karnataka during the year 2001-02. This scheme was implemented by Coperative department, Members of Co-operative Societies and their family members are the beneficiaries of this scheme. The annual premium is Rs. 120/- per beneficiary. All major hospitals are adopted for this scheme, all types of surgery will be covered under this health scheme. Bangalore Milk union has covered 1. 50 Lakh beneficiaries under this scheme by contributing Rs 30/- towards premium per beneficiary. CATTLE INSURANCE: Bangalore Milk Union is providing Insurance Coverage to the Dairy animals in collaboration with United India Insurance Ltd. , 40,238 animals are covered under this Insurance. The annual premium is 2. 22% of the value of the animal. 50% of the annual premium of Rs. 122. 99 Lakh was borne by bamul. IN THIS MILLENNIUM. We want to become not only the largest Union, but also become one amongst the best-run milk unions in the country. The Union is aware of the challenges of the new private entrants, who are mainly thriving on unfair trade practices. They procure milk at least cost, without bothering about the welfare of the producers and without extending any technical inputs for improving milk production. They market milk by resorting to unhealthy and unethical practices deceiving the unsuspecting consumers. The Union wants to counter this in a positive manner by trying to improve its efficiency of operation and market promotion. It wants to become well trenched in the market as market leader. It wants to follow the strategy of cost-competitiveness, which is hard to match by the competitors. PROGRESS AND ACHIEVEMENT OF THE UNION SINCE ITS INCEPTION 1. Establishment of the Union: * Bangalore Co-operative Milk Producers’ Societies Union Ltd. was established on 16th November 1976. * After the bifurcation of the above Union, into two separate union for Bangalore Districts (Urban and Rural) and Kolar District, Bangalore Urban and Rural District Co-operative Milk Producers’ Societies Union Ltd. (BAMUL) on 23rd March 1987. * Bangalore Dairy was took over by BAMUL on 1st September 1988. * Bangalore Mega Dairy started functioning on 17th December 2000 * MMPO-1992 Registration No 42/R. MMPO/93 * Bangalore Dairy ISO 22000-2005 & ISO 9001-2000 Certified by Standard Australia International (SAI) Global Ltd. , a reputed Australian based company during 2006. 2. Infrastructure at the time of inception & subsequent expansion – year-w.